In a series of leather processing techniques, although the amount of leather auxiliaries used is small compared to the weight of the leather itself, it plays a key role in improving the quality of leather products. Surfactants, in particular, have become an indispensable component of leather auxiliaries due to their unique molecular structure and performance.
The leather production and processing process is a complex process, including several processes such as leather pretreatment, leather tanning, leather dyeing and finishing. The non-ionic surfactants involved in the leather pretreatment process mainly play the role of penetration and degreasing, and generally fatty alcohol ethers with strong penetration and emulsifying power are the main ones.
In the leather tanning process, non-ionic surfactants play a decisive role in the quality of finished leather tanning, and can greatly increase the added value of leather products. The most commonly used non-ionic surfactants are fatty acid ester surfactants with long carbon chains, which can make the leather have a good feel and softness, make the leather grain fine and smooth, have clear surface pores, and bright colors, or endow leather with some special properties such as water repellency, UV protection, and breathability.
The common problems in extracting clean coal are high ash content and high humidity. This has a lot to do with the surfactant used in flotation. Flotation refers to the injection of air into the coal slurry. By adding a certain amount of surfactant, a layer of hydrophobic film can be formed on the surface of the coal block, and the fine coal particles float to the surface of the coal slurry together with the air bubbles. High-purity clean coal is scraped out from the surface of the coal slurry.
The foaming agent of the flotation agent is mainly by-products or waste products (fusel alcohol, secondary octanol, fatty oil, penetrating agent, etc.) from various chemical plants, paper mills and spinning mills. The collectors used are mostly traditional kerosene or diesel. Now there are also manufacturers producing compound agents, but there are some defects, some have poor adaptability to coal quality changes, some have strong foaming, weak foam, easy to leak coarse and increase the load of filtration treatment, and even some composite agents have poor stability, and there are phenomena of precipitation, failure and blocked pipelines.
Add non-ionic surfactants with low HLB value such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and fatty acid ester polyether to the flotation agent for coal to compound with foaming agent and collector, which can improve the flotation efficiency. The resulting clean coal saves time, reduces the consumption of chemicals, reduces moisture, and increases the concentration of solids.
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